The Life and Times of John Huss
By Ezra H. Gillett
Table of
Contents
Volume I
Chapter I
Bohemia at the Close of the Fourteenth Century ~ Predecessors
of Huss
1347-1394
Condition of Bohemia National Feeling The Introduction of the Usages of the Roman Church The Waldenses Predecessors of Huss Conrad Waldhauser Milicz of Kremsier Matthias of Janow Peter of Dresden Flourishing Condition of Bohemia Thomas of Stitny Death of Anne of Luxembourg, Queen of England
Chapter II
Youth of Huss ~ University Life ~ Wickliffe
1373-1398
Birth and Education of Huss his Parentage Death of his Father Studies at Prachatitz Goes to the University of Prague Accompanied by his Mother his Poverty State of the University Founded by Charles IV Modeled after the University of Paris Seasonably Founded Thronged with Students Its Teachers Favor Shown to Learning by the Emperor Charles IV Progress of Huss his Acquaintance with Jacobel Acquaintance with Jerome Martyrology the Favorite Reading of Huss Affected by the Vices of the Age Approves the Sentiments of Wickliffe on Christian Reform Wickliffe Supported by the Duke of Lancaster his Career Occasion of his First Work It Expresses the Tone of his Life The Mendicant Orders Attacked by Wickliffe his Translation of the Bible his Writings his Opinions Their Puritanic Cast Their Prevalence and Spread Vainly Condemned at London
Chapter III
Progress of the New Doctrines at Prague
1399-1407
Wickliffes Doctrines Disseminated at Prague Character and Course of Jerome Wickliffes Books Circulated They are Condemned by the University Part Taken by Huss his Position and Influence Hesitation in Receiving the Doctrines of Wickliffe Bethlehem Chapel Founded Huss Appointed Preacher The Two Englishmen Their Pictured Sermon Patriotic Feeling of the Bohemians in the University Their Opposition to the Claims and Privileges of the Germans Huss and Wickliffe Luthers Language in Regard to Huss Corruption of the Church General Testimony Progress of Huss in Approving Wickliffe Others Unite with Him Temptation Resisted The Miracle at Wilsnack Huss Exposes It The Papacy during the Fourteenth Century Origin of the Schism Archbishop Sbynco He Adheres to Gregory XII
Chapter IV
The Council of Pisa
1407-1409
State of Europe Anarchy and Violence Ecclesiastical Abuses Efforts for Union Ambition and Craft of Benedict France Withdraws her Allegiance Proposed Conference of the Popes Gregorys Protestation Benedicts Strategy Gregorys Cardinals Dissatisfied They Desert Him Their Appeal Circumstances of Benedict Royal Letter Cardinals of Gregory and Benedict Unite Gregory Summoned by his Cardinals to Lucca Council Summoned Regarded with General Favor Views Prevalent in Bohemia The Kings Decision Opposition of the University Influences Arrayed against the Council Benedict and his Adherents Benedict Appoints a Council Gregory Does the Same The Three Parties The Council in Germany Terrible Conflict at Liege General Alarm Benedicts Council Its Futile Issue Council of Pisa Position of the City Members in Attendance Opening of the Council Objections in the Council to its Proceedings Gersons Vindication Ambassadors of Robert Ladislaus Sentence Against the Anti-Popes The Conclave Alexander V Elected His Life and Character Coronation Close of the Council of Pisa Gregorys Council at Friuli Danger of his Arrest His Chamberlain Seized Gregory Escapes Alexanders Election Favorably Received Bohemia Disappointment in the Results of the Council Views of Clemengis Of Boniface of Ferrara Lack of General Enthusiasm Theodore De Vrie Relative Authority of Popes and Councils Peter Dailly Alexander V and the Mendicants Their Privileges and Arrogance Spread and Power of the Order Difficulties at Paris Gersons Sermon on the Subject Unpopularity of Alexander Position of Sbynco at Prague
Chapter V
Huss and the Archbishop
1409-1411
Martial Operations of Sbynco His Synod Pater Arraigned Bohemians on Wickliffe Priest Abraham Sbynco Satisfied Wenzels Decision in Regard to the University The Foreign Nations Refuse to Obey Command of the King The Secession of the Nations Huss Chosen Rector Character and Life of Wenzel Sbynco Transubstantiation to be Preached Huss in his Pulpit Substance of his Preaching Ordinance Aimed at Huss Sbynco Forced to Be Reconciled with Alexander V Huss Circulates Wickliffes Writings Brodas Letter of Complaint to the Archbishop Measures Taken The University The Five Students The Archbishop Condemned by a Papal Commission Submits to Alexander V the Papal Bull Its Reception Opposition to It Course of Huss His Appeal The Burning of the Books Public Indignation Knowledge of the Scriptures Sermon of Huss Continues to Preach Wickliffe Defended Sermon of Huss
Chapter VI
Huss Excommunicated ~ The Compromise
1411
Case of Huss at Home Cardinal Colonna His Decision Its Reception at Prague Royal Embassy to the Pope, Praying that Huss May Be Released From Personal Appearance at Rome Procurators of Huss Their Treatment Sentence of Excommunication Published at Prague Huss Justifies Himself in Preaching Interdict The King Interposes A Commission Compromise Letter of Sbynco Its Futility Sbyncos Conference With Huss Huss Preaches on the Subject Disgrace of Sbynco He Leaves Prague His Letter to the King His Death
Chapter VII
Huss and the Papal Policy
September, 1411 January, 1412
Archbishop Albic His Infamous Character Crusade Against Ladislaus, a New Firebrand New Position of Huss Cannot Depend on Wenzel for Support His Decision Ladislaus and Alexander V Succession of Balthasar Cossa to the Pontificate His Education His Infamous Life Excommunicated by Gregory Promotes the Council of Pisa in Revenge Rules the Council His Notorious Character His Coronation His Proceedings General Acquiescence in the Decisions of the Council of Pisa Death of the Emperor Robert Plans of John XXIII Seeks the Alliance with Sigismund Crusade Proclaimed Against Ladislaus Huss Opposes It Condition of Ladislaus His Attack on Rome Crusade Published
Chapter VIII
Bull for the Crusade at Prague
January, 1412 July, 1412
The Constancy of Huss Tried His Procurators His Petition for Release from the Summons to Appear in Person at Home the Crusade Controversy with John Stokes Affairs at Prague Disputation at the UniversityDean of Passau and Bulls of Indulgences Decision of the Theological Faculty Huss View of the Crusade Wenzel Tolerates the Proclamation Preaching of Huss Meeting Before the Council Admonition of the Archbishop Notice of the Proposed Dispute Affixed to the Doors of the Churches The Discussion Jeromes speech Second Meeting of the University Indulgences Derided: A Practical Joke Interruption in the Churches The Offenders before the Council Huss Intercedes for Them Reply Popular Commotion The Execution The Funeral Depression of Huss He Is Enjoined Silence A Trying Period Anxieties of Huss Change in the Views of the King Reasons of It Sigismunds Position His Aspirations for the Imperial Crown His Election Anecdote His Character His Aims Wenzels Exclusion from the Imperial Throne Other Reasons for his Change of Policy
Chapter IX
Second Excommunication of Huss ~ He Withdraws from PragueExcommunication of Huss How He Was to Be Dealt With Bethlehem Chapel to Be Torn Down The Attempt Defeated The City Council Divided The Interdict Its Legitimate Effect Wenzels Decree Requiring Divine Service to Be Performed as Usual The Division in the University Theological Faculty The Eight Doctors Huss Still Preaches Letter From England Reply to Huss He Leaves Prague His Appeal to Jesus Christ Substance of his Complaints Martin V and the Council of Constance Gerson on Appeal from the Pope Huss Preaches in the Cities and Villages in the Open Air His Vindication An Interruption Letter to the Cardinals Reasons for Leaving Prague Busy with His Pen
Chapter X
Huss in Retirement
May, 1413 September, 1414
Foreign Prejudice against Huss Council of Rome Incident of the Owl Complaints against the Archbishop Futility of the Measures Against Huss His Work on the Church Question in Regard to the Validity of the Excommunication of Huss Jessenitz The Royal Court of France Views of Gerson Views of Dailly Appeal to Scripture Disturbances Derisive Songs Contemptuous Treatment of the Monks The Friar and his Relics Jerome and the Papal Indulgences The Provocation Given Three Antagonists of Huss Broda Stephen of Dola His Work against Wickliffe Its Covert Attack on Huss Letter of Huss Treatise of Stephen, or, "Anti-Huss" His Motives Conrad and the University of Paris "Counsel" of the Latter Synod of Prague Counter-"Counsel" of Huss "Counsel" of the Doctors The Theological Faculty Conrad Consults The Bishop of Leitomischel His Answer Futility of the Synods Action Wenzel and his Measures of Reform Their Effect Upon the Enemies of Huss His Absence From Prague His Language on the Humiliation of his Enemies The Cause of Reform Advances "The Missionaries" of Huss Demand in Bohemia for a General Council Other Reasons for It The Schism Doubts of Dailly Their Solution by Gerson Corruption of the Church Hungary and the Turks The Terror Inspired by Them A Council Summoned
Chapter XI
Sermons, Doctrines, and Letters of Huss
1404 1414
Gersons Letter Sermons of Hubs A Lull of the Storm Confidence of Huss His Influence His Activity During this Period His Writing Reply to the Eight Doctors Other Writings of Huss Their Evangelical Character Authority of Scripture with Huss The Secret of His Strength Letters During his Absence from Prague His Indecision about his Return Letters of Sympathy from England Period of Trial
Chapter XII
The Council
September, 1414 November, 1414
Assembling of the Council of Constance Selection of the Place Its Situation Its Present Condition Memorials of the Council The Summons of the Emperor and Pope Calling It Death of Ladislaus Reluctance of the Pope to Go to Constance The Emperor Yields to the Demands of the Pope The Pope on his Journey The Princes Sigismund and his Position in Regard to the Council Huss at Prague Prepares to Leave Vindication of his Innocence Challenges Accusation Parting of Huss and Jerome Emperors Letter Huss Protectors Farewell Letter Forebodings of Huss His Firmness Letter to Martin The Martyr Spirit The Journey Kindly Receptions of Huss Letter From Nuremburg Reaches Constance Scenes in and without the City Their Contrast with Christian Simplicity Learning Represented at the Council Poggio Niem Ζneas Sylvius Zabarella Manuel Chrysoloras Gerson Dailly The Universities Humble Position of Huss amid these Scenes
Chapter XIII
Arrest and Imprisonment of Huss
November 3, 1414 December 6, 1414
John XXIII Informed of the Arrival of Huss Sentence of Excommunication Suspended Huss Prepares Two Discourses The Substance of Them He Is Not Allowed to Preach Proceeding of his Enemies Michael De Causis The Other Conspirators Their Influence with the Cardinals Arts Employed to Keep the People Away from Huss John XXIII Favored by the Absence of the Emperor Announcement Made November 1, 1414 Arrangements November 8, 1414 Thanksgiving for the Recovery of Some Intrigues Doings of the Congregation of November 12, 1414 Session of November 16 The Popes Sermon Bull Read by Cardinal Zabarella Canon of the Council of Toledo Officers Appointed Opportune Use of the Heresy of Huss Insignia of Benedict and Gregory Torn Down Huss Cited to Appear before the Cardinals Reply of Huss His Compliance Cardinal Dailly The Conference Incident of the Minorite Friar, Didacus Afternoon Conference Articles of Accusation Other Charges of Causis Huss Kept under Arrest Indignation of Chlum Complains to the Pope The Latter Appoints a Judicial Commission Huss Imprisoned His Sickness Chlum Visits the Cardinals Their Indifference Vain Appeal to the People Determination to Apply to the Emperor Arrival of Latzembock Despatch to Bohemia The Safe-Conduct Chlum Exhibits It Placards Posted Correspondence of the Emperor and Pope The Mask Torn Off Mandate of Sigismund Huss Denied an Advocate His Other Grievances The Commission to Examine his Writings The Imperial Mandate Disobeyed Motives of the Pope
Chapter XIV
Anxieties of the Pope ~ The English and French Deputations
December 7, 1414 December 18, 1414
Troublesome Questions Membership of the Council Voting by Nations Plan of Union The French Deputation Views of Gerson Views of Dailly Views of Cardinal St. Mark They Prevail The English Deputation Persecution of the Lollards Richard of London Thomas Netter Spirit of the English Nation Robert Hallam Ullerston His Writings Doctor Paul John Dorre Walter Dysse His Poem The Deputation Anti-Wickliffe
Chapter XV
Proceedings of the Council ~ Huss Abandoned by the Emperor
December 25, 1414 February 7, 1415
Approach of the Emperor to Constance Mass on his Arrival The Ceremonial Character of the Council Sigismunds Influence A Field for Intrigue The Emperors Ruling Purpose Dark Prospect of Huss Chlum Sees the Emperor Cold Reception His Letter to John of Lomnitz Indignation of the Bohemians Their Letters to Sigismund The Emperor Ill at Ease His Letter The Casuistry of the Fathers Sigismund Acquiesces in It Sermon of Cardinal Dailly His Remarks on the Duties of the Pope and Emperor the Hearing of Them on the Case of Huss Chlums Remonstrance A General Congregation Sermons Preached Bold Reproofs Sermon of Matthew Roeder The New Year Emperor Consults with the Cardinals Their Demand in Regard to Huss Safe Conducts Given The Ambassadors of Gregory Opposition of John XXIII Prejudice against Him Conciliatory Measures Toward Gregory and Benedict Cardinal Dailly on the Infallibility of Councils Legates of Benedict Legates of Gregory Proposal of John XXIII The Way of Cession Answer of John XXIII Results of his Opposition Extreme Measures Proposed These Discovered by the Spies of John XXIII Canonization of St. Bridget Carried without Opposition Gerson Writes his Tract on Trying the Spirits Bold Suggestions of the Cardinal of St. Mark Ability and Character of the Document Drawn Up Rage of John XXIII Replies of his Partisans Questions Contained in the First Refutation of the Cardinal St. Mare in the Third Cardinal Daillys Refutation Conflict of the Monarchical and Republican Principles in the Church
Chapter XVI
The Council up to the Time of the Flight of the Pope
January 8, 1415 March 21, 1415
Membership in the Council Views of the Cardinals St. Mark and Cambray Voting by Nations Reasons for It Interposition of the Emperor in its Favor The Order of Business Adopted Proposed Charges Against the Private Life of John XXIII He Discovers Them His Alarm Consults with his Cardinals The Charges Prudently Reserved Method of Cession Adopted by the Nations The Form The Cession Provisional More Definite Form Demanded Evasion of John XXIII Third Form Demanded The Pope Resolves on Flight His Difficulty in Attempting It Parisian Deputation John XXIII Feigns Assent to the Demands of the Council New Form of Cession Presented He Accepts It The Form His Hypocrisy Positions Taken by the Germans The Second Public Session of the Council Ceremonial of Abdication Huss Removed to Another Prison Congregation at the Franciscan Monastery The Policy of the Pope Opposed to That of the Emperor The Bull Extorted From the Pope Its Evasive Character Further Demand of the Pope He Resists It Gift of the Golden Rose Strange Proposal to Elect a New Pope John XXIII Indignant Devises Means of Flight Cardinal St. Angelo Arrested The Pope Complains The Emperor Vindicates Himself The Popes Promise Dissent of the French Nation Indignation Against the Emperor Demand Carried to Have John XXIII Appoint Attorneys His Measures for Flight His Evasive Answer Complains of the Air of Constance Suggestions of the Bishop of Salisbury Flight of the Pope
Chapter XVII
Supremacy of the Council ~ The Pope Suspended ~ Treatment of
Huss ~ Arrest of Jerome
March 22, 1415 May 24, 1415
Consternation at the Popes Flight Steps Taken by the Emperor and Council Duke of Austria Gersons Discourse The Popes Letters His Apology Vain Attempt to Dissolve the Council Fourth Session Decrees Read An Omission Dissatisfaction Protest of the Pope He Goes to Laufenburg A New Seal Fifth Session Decrees of the Former Session Restored Wickliffes Books to be examined Measures for Bringing back the Pope The Duke of Austria Cited His Disasters John XXIII at Freiburg Letter to the Council Wickliffes Doctrines Condemned Controversy Occasioned by the form of Sentence Cardinal of Cambray and Patriarch of Antioch Demands made of John XXIII Commission Proposal to Exclude the Cardinals The Pope at Breisach Misfortunes of the Duke of Austria Inclined to Submit His Advice to the Pope Fruitless Conference Council Irritated Citation of John XXIII Of Jerome The Duke of Austria Reconciled to the Emperor The Archbishop of Metz The Pope Deserted Commission to Take Testimony Force to be Employed Evasion Tenth Session Suspension of the Pope Heresy Huss Neglected Bohemians and Sigismund Prison Interview Huss at Gottlieben Jerome at Constance His Flight Demands a Safe Conduct Reply His Citation Leaves for Prague Arrest at Hirschau Taken to Constance Charges Made Gerson A Doctor of Cologne A Doctor of Heidelburg The Bishop of Saltzburg Confusion Peter the Notary Finds Jerome Vitus Jeromes Cruel Imprisonment
Chapter XVIII
The Communion of the Cup ~ The Bohemians at Constance
May 14, 1415 May 18, 1415
Communion of the Cup Matthias of Janow Origin of the Restoration of the Cup Jacobel and Peter of Dresden Theses Discussed Before the University Prevailing Opinion in Favor of the Cup Jacobel Defends It Reply to Him Brodas Treatise Jacobels Refutation His Constant Reference to Scripture Authority His Reprehension of Appeal to the Secular Arm His Eloquent Conclusion Huss Consulted He Sustains Jacobel The University Vindicated by Jacobel Alarm at Constance John the Iron, of Leitomischel His Election as Bishop An Enemy of Huss The Bohemians Indignant The Bishops Written Reply Answer to This and "The Apology for the Council," by the Bohemians The Safe-Conduct of the Emperor Evidence of John De Chlum Case of Huss Falsehoods Circulated in Respect to his Course in Regard to the Citation From Rome Claim that his Safe-Conduct Should Regarded and He Be Freely Heard
Chapter XIX
The Pope Deposed
May 19, 1415 May 31, 1415
The Deposition of John XXIII a Necessity The Emperors Resolve The Contumacy of the Pope Declared Exception of Cardinal St. Mark Sitting of the Commission for Procuring Testimony The Witnesses List of Accusations Suppressed Articles The Fifty-Four Others The Eleventh Session Report Approved The Result Communicated to the Pope His Reception of It His Reply Information Sent to Him of his Proposed Deposition His Affected Submission His Letter to the Emperor Inconsistency of the Pope Frederic Gives the Pope Up He Is Left Guarded at Ratolfcell Abjectness of John XXIII in Prison Eleventh Session Report from the Pope to the Council The Sentence of Deposition Read Unanimously Assented To The Cardinal of Florence Put Down The Sentence Carried into Execution Precautions in Regard to a New Election The Pope Informed of his Deposition by the Council
Chapter XX
Huss at Gottlieben ~ Prison Examination
May 31, 1415 June 1, 1415
Condition of Huss at Gottlieben His Remarks on the Deposition of John XXIII On the Profligacy of the Council Views of Clemengis Of Niem Huss Cites the Proceedings of his Enemies in his own Justification His Cheerful Courage Strength of his Faith His Love of Truth His Humility New List of Accusations Charged with the Heresy of the Cup Petition of Huss Friends His Protestation Falsehood of the Charges Demand That Huss Should Be Set Free or Heard Sigismund Engages to Secure for Huss a Public AudienceThe Answer of the Council Advice of Chlum Confidence of Huss His Main Anxiety His Visions Anxiety Of Chlum Bitter Malice of Paletz and Causis John XXIII Removed to Gottlieben False Honor Done Him Strange Juxtaposition by the Side of Huss Contrast of the Two Men Lament of the Pope Just Retribution Removal of the Pope Huss on the Cup The Friends of Huss Present their Document to the Council False Report Prison Examination Anxiety of Huss Friends His Constancy and Answer Account of the Examination What Was Meant by Submission Explained Bt his Protestation Gerson and Dailly Their Agreement with Huss on Many Points Their Nomination Scholastic Antagonisms Huss Less Trammeled by Such Prejudices
Chapter XXI
First Audience of Huss Before the Council ~ Second Audience
June 1, 1415 June 7, 1415
Removal of Huss to Constance Council Assembled to Consider his Case in his Absence Peter, the Notary The Emperor Informed Forbids Any Hasty Decision by the Council Their Reluctance to Obey Books of Huss Sent to the Emperor First Appearance of Huss Before the Council Charges Read Confusion in the Council Huss Cannot Be Heard Luthers Description Calmness of Huss Cardinal of Ostia Complaint of Huss Required to Recant Confusion Such that the Council Adjourns Assembly of June 7 Eclipse Sigismund Present His Weakness Articles Read The Cup Transubstantiation The Cardinal Dailly Philosophical Subtleties Nominalists and Realists Reply of Huss The English Doctors Huss Dissents from Wickliffe John Stokes Remarks of the Cardinal of Florence Noble Reply Zabarella Rejoins New Article on Approval Wickliffe Whether Tithes Are Alms Statements of Russ as to his Course Sbynco The Burning of the Books The Appeal of Huss He Justifies It Article on Appeal to Arms On the Discord Produced by His Doctrines Statements of Huss Nason Dailly The University Nasons Remarks Paletz Confirms Them Council Adjourned Huss Called Back Dailly Seeks to Prejudice the Emperor Huss Replies Chlums Answer Dailly Urges Submission Sigismund on his Safe-Conduct Bids Huss Submit His Reply Clemency of the Council Letters of Huss Anxiety about his Debts Few Friends of Huss in the Council
Chapter XXII
Third Audience of Huss before the Council ~ Articles of
Accusation
June 8, 1415
Third Audience of Huss Thirty-Nine Articles How Drawn Up Language in Regard to his Recanting Charged with Writing Falsehoods to Bohemia The Book "On the Church" Predestination No Outward Badge or Office Makes a Man a Member of the Church The Reprobate Never a Member of the Church of Christ Judas Never a True Disciple The Church Composed of the Predestinate Alone Peter Never the Head of the Church Catholic The Pope Christs or Antichrists Vicar, According to his Life Simonists and Wicked Priests Err as to the Sacraments Papal Dignity an Imperial Gift No One Without Revelation Can Say He Is Head of any Particular Church No Pope, Unless Predestinated, the Head of any Church The Popes Power Null if his Life Is Vile His Holiness and his Revenues The Cardinals no Successors of the Apostles Except by Holiness Heretics not to Be Given Up to the Secular Arm The Civil Authority Should Constrain the Priesthood to Do Their Duty Ecclesiastical Not Scriptural Obedience Appeal to Christ Against Excommunication Cardinal Dailly Evil Men Do Evil Deeds Questions and Replies the Priests Bound to Preach Cardinal of Florence Excommunication No Excuse for Silence Ecclesiastical Censures Are of Antichrist Interdict Not to Be Imposed
Chapter XXIII
Third Audience Continued
June 8, 1415
Seven Articles from the Treatise of Huss Against Paletz A Pope or Prelate in Deadly Sin is ipso facto, No Pope or Prelate Embarrassing Subject for The Council The Grace of Predestination Unites the Church and Each of its Members to its Head A Wicked Pope a Son of Perdition A Wicked Pope or Prelate Is No Pastor, but a Thief and a Robber Objections The Pope Not "Most Holy" A Pope Legitimately Elected, if of Evil Life, Enters Not by the Door Paletzs Remarks Reply of Huss The Condemnation of the Forty-Five Articles of Wickliffe Unjust Six Articles From the Treatise Against Stanislaus A Majority of Electoral Votes Cannot Make a Man Christs Vicar A Reprobate Pope Is Not the Head of the Church Christ Sufficient to Rule His Church Remarks of Huss Upon It Peter Was Not Universal Pastor The Apostles Ruled the Church Without a Pope Remark of an Englishman How to Deal with Huss Conclusions Cardinal Dailly Addresses Huss Some Reluctant to Doom Huss to the Flames He Is Urged to Submit The English Deputation Gerson Huss States his Purpose and Desire Cardinal Dailly Perverts Its Meaning and Demands Submission Reply of Huss Pleads Conscience The Emperors Advice Terms of Submission Reply of Huss Demand Repeated The Priest in Silk Cassock Reply of Huss Paletz The Other Works of Huss His Conscientiousness Insists on a Further Hearing Slanderous Interpretation of a Sentence of The Pope Exhaustion of Huss False Charge in Regard to the Three Men Beheaded at Prague Paletz Paletz and Nason on the Inflammatory Sermons of Huss The Oxford Letter Pause in the Proceedings Protestation of Paletz Of Causis Of Huss Remark Of Cardinal Dailly Disposition of Paletz The Council Adjourns Chlum Cheers Huss Conclusions and Policy of the Emperor
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